Fluorescent Brightening Agents (FBAs) are chemical compounds that absorb light in the ultraviolet and violet region of the electromagnetic spectrum (350-360 nm) and re-emit light in the blue region (400-500 nm). They are typically used to enhance the appearance of colored fabrics, obtaining sharper, more intense colors and a whitening effect that makes fabrics look less yellow by increasing the overall amount of blue light reflected by the material.
White fabrics treated with FBAs can emit more visible light than that which shines on it. The blue light emitted by the FBA compensates for the diminishing blue of the treated material and changes the hue away from yellow and brown towards the white.
FBAs has long replaced the old practice of bluying (adding small amounts of blue dyes to the formulation) due to its high performance in replacing the yellow hues of clean laundry by a whiter overall appearance and intense, sharper, color tones, without permanently altering the coloration of the fibers.